Juudit, ehk Jamaika saare viimsed Maroonlased („Juudit”, or the Last Maroons of Jamaica”, 1870) was published at the height of the Estonian 19th-century ‘National Awakening’ by one of its leading activists, Lydia Koidula (1843–1886). Probably an adaptation of an unknown German source, the novella is set on Jamaica in 1795, in the wake of the French Revolution. It ties the political plot of the Second Maroon War, which was fought by a group of runaway slaves against the planters and the British military, with a fictional inter-racial love-intrigue. The novella transmits a number of earlier thematic and formal patterns associated with the topos of the ‘New World’ since the beginning of colonisation, e.g. relating to human nature, natural law, domination and its legitimations, political change, and ideal forms of social organisation. Thus Juudit is a transcription of international cultural memory, traversing different periods, ideologies and genres, both literary and non-literary. Yet, Juudit is a very context-specific rewriting of the aforementioned tradition, written in and for the literary and sociocultural conditions of the time of its production.
References
Almberg, Antti, Koidula, Lydia 1925. Koidula ja Almbergi kirjavahetus. Toim August Anni. Tartu: Eesti Kirjanduse Selts.
Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Graham, Tiffin, Helen 2002. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. London-New York: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203426081
Bassnett, Susan, Lefevere, André 1992. General Editor’s Preface. – André Lefevere, Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London-New York: Routledge, lk vii-viii.
Bhabha, Homi K. 1984. Representation and the Colonial Text: A Critical Exploration of Some Forms of Mimeticism. Toim Frank Gloversmith. The Theory of Reading.Brighton: Harvester, lk 93-120.
Bhabha, Homi K. 1997. The Location of Culture. London-New York: Routledge.
Botting, Fred 1996. Gothic. London: Routledge.
Campbell, Mavis C. 1990. Nova Scotia and the Fighting Maroons: A Documentary History. Williamsburg-Virginia: Dpt. of Anthropology, College of William and Mary.
Clavin, Matt 2007. Race, Rebellion, and the Gothic: Inventing the Haitian Revolution. – Early American Studies, kd 5.1, lk 1-29.
https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2007.0001
Gailus, Andreas 2006. Form and Chance: The German Novella. Tlk W. Martin. Toim Franco Moretti. – The Novel. Vol II: Forms and Themes. Princeton-Oxford: Princeford University Press, lk 739-776.
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv27tctsx.50
Hanke, Lewis 1959. Aristotle and the American Indians: A Study in Race Prejudice in the Modern World. London: Hollis & Carter.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1891569
Honour, Hugh 1976. The New Golden Land: Europan Images of America from the Discoveries to the Present Time. London: Allen Lane.
Horn, W. O. 1861. Huaskar. Eine Erzählung aus der ersten Hälfte des sechszehnten Jahrhundert. – Gesammelte Erzählungen. Neue Volks-Ausgabe. VII. Band. Frankfurt a. M., lk 293-401.
Jansen, Ea 2007. Eestlane muutuvas ajas. Seisusühiskonnast kodanikuühiskonda. Tartu: Eesti Ajalooarhiiv.
Koidula, Lydia [tiitellehel Johann Jannsen] 1866. Perùama viimne Inka. Tartu: Laakmann.
Koidula, Lydia [tiitellehel Johann Jannsen] 1870.Juudit ehk Jamaika saare viimsed Maroonlased. Tartu: Laakmann.
Laar, Mart 2006. Äratajad. Rahvuslik ärkamisaeg Eestis 19. sajandil ja selle kandjad. Tallinn: Grenader.
Lachmann, Renate 2008. Mnemonic and Intertextual Aspects of Literature. – Media and Cultural Memory: Cultural Memory Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary Handbook. Toim Astrid Erll, Ansgar Nünning. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, lk 301-309.
Merkel, Garlieb Helwig 1909. Liiwimaa esiaeg. Mälestusesammas papi- ja rüütliwaimule. I. Osaliselt tlk A. F. Tombach. Petersburg: Ühiselu. [Algväljaanne Garlieb Helwig Merkel. Die Vorzeit Lieflands: Ein Denkmahl des Pfaffen- und Rittergeistes. Berlin: Vossische Buchhandlung, 1798].
Müller-Salget, Klaus 1984. Erzählungen für das Volk. Evangelische Pfarrer als Volkschriftsteller im Deutschland des 19. Jahrhunderts.Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
Peiker, Piret 2006. Postcolonial Change: Power, Peru and Estonian Literature. – Baltic Postcolonialism. Toim Violeta Kelertas. Amsterdam: Rodopi, lk 105-137.
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401202770_007
Plath, Ulrike 2011. Esten und Deutsche in den Baltischen Provinzen Russlands. Fremdheitskonstruktionen, Lebenswelten, Kolonialphantasien 1750-1850. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
Robe, Stanley L. 1972. Wild Men and Spain’s Brave New World. – The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from Renaissance to Romanticism. Toim Edward Dudley, Maximilian E. Novak. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, lk 39-54.
Schöpflin, George 1997. The Functions of Myth and the Taxonomy of Myths. – Myths and Nationhood. Toim Geoffrey Hosking, George Schöpflin. London: Hurst, lk 19-35.
Smith, Andrew 2007. Gothic Literature. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Smith, Andrew, Hughes, William (toim) 2003. Empire and the Gothic: The Politics of Genre. Cordonsville: Palgrave Macmillan, lk 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403919342_1
Steinbrink, Bernd 1983. Abenteuerliteratur des 19. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland. Studien zu einer vernachlässigten Gattung.Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110914351
Theodorsen, Cathrine 2008. Political Realism and the Fantastic Romantic. German Liberal Discourse and the Sámi in Theodor Mügge’s Novel Afraja (1854). – Nordlit nr. 23Arctic Discourses, lk 355-370.
https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1350
Tymoczko, Maria 2003. Translation, ideology and creativity. – Linguistica AntverpiensiaNS2. Special Issue on Translation as Creation: the Postcolonial Influence, lk 27-45.
https://doi.org/10.52034/lanstts.v2i.74
Undla-Põldmäe, Aino 1981a. Koidulauliku valgel. Uurimusi ja artikleid. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.
Undla-Põldmäe, Aino 1981b. Lydia Koidula ja Julius Jannsen Ameerika avastamisest. – Keel ja Kirjandus, nr 8, lk 465-470.
Undusk, Jaan 1997. Kolm võimalust kirjutada eestlaste ajalugu. Merkel – Jakobson – Hurt. – Keel ja Kirjandus, nr 11, lk 721-734.
Vinkel, Aarne 1966. Eesti rahvaraamat. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.
White, Hayden 1985. The Noble Savage Theme as Fetish. – Hayden White, Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism. Baltimore-London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, lk 183-196.
Wilson, Kathleen 2009. The Performance of Freedom: Maroons and the Colonial Order in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica and the Atlantic Sound. – William&Mary Quarterly, Jan 2009, kd 66, nr 1, lk 45-86.
